From the Top at Carnegie Hall Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From the Top at Carnegie Hall - Term Paper Example â€Å"We discover that regardless of how a long way from home we will be, we generally have a home in the things we love†. These are the lines that struck me in the scene; Music is the place the heart is. The three youthful artists who have their own accounts of good and bad times drove them where they are at the present time. On account of Ronald Joseph for example, his horrible experience from Hurricane Katrina didn't prevent him from seeking after his enjoyment. Like what his instructor stated, â€Å"You owe it to Katrina†. Regularly, the awful things in life are the procedure of something great that is going to come. For the second piece of the scene, 17-year old violist Allyson Tomsky had an alternate methods for giving her eagerness. Her adoration for both music and for her old neighborhood enormously contributed in turning out to be who she truly is. Playing in the avenues of New York as one of her practices is in fact an extraordinary method of appearing and sha ring the ability that she has. In conclusion is 14-year old Jazz vocalist, Nikki Yanofsky who at an exceptionally youthful age had a ground-breaking voice and an extraordinary certainty toward what she adored. This scene depicted just yet a certain something, that as long as we love what we do, we are cheerful and we’ll consistently be mollified. There will consistently be the feeling of satisfaction regardless of what the chances are. Another scene, Family Ties uncovered the job of family in forming and building the vision of our childhood.

An Analysis of Effectiveness Essay -- Martin Luther King Toni Morrison

An Analysis of Effectiveness      Martin Luther King Jr. what's more, Toni Morrison are two of the numerous incredible essayists of the late twentieth century. Their styles follow explanatory rules to make powerful contentions and clear composition. To show how they achieve this I will look at the explanatory style utilized by King in 'Letter from a Birmingham Jail,'; with that of Morrison in 'Friday on the Potomac.'; Each of these works result from solid sentiments encompassing the issue of racial uniformity in the United States, and every intrigue to the longing of accomplishing that equity. So as to address a touchy point, for example, prejudice and accomplish the ideal outcomes, the creators needed to execute different techniques for influence. While each writer picks various habits with which to achieve this, every structure clear composition with persuading contentions. They accomplish this clearness because of their comprehension and utilization of ethos, poignancy, and logos as the establishmen ts for making these contentions.      Before we can analyze the composition based on these three components, we should initially comprehend the implications of each. They were conceptualized by Aristotle as the keys to convincing a crowd of people. Ethos, straightforwardly interpreted, signifies 'deserving of conviction,'; and manages building up validity. Emotion includes 'putting hearers†¦into the correct outlook with respect to specific issues and the speakers enticing goal'; (Smith 83). Logos incorporates the contentions that are utilized to come to a meaningful conclusion, and includes the premise whereupon the contentions were made. The utilization of these three components in concordance with one another will deliver an influential contention as indicated by Aristotle. Being that he wrote 'the book on talk,'; I will utilize the thoughts of Aristotle as the plan for viable composition to which I will analyze crafted by King and Morrison.      First I will look at Martin Luther King Jr's. letter which encapsulates the entirety of the qualities illustrated by Aristotle. The most plainly introduced component in King's article is the utilization of ethos. Lord builds up himself as a believable and scholarly man right off the bat in the letter so the peruser has a prompt association with him, and afterward he conveys the idea all through the letter's total. Inside the main section he utilizes this strategy when he composes, 'On the off chance that I tried to answer all the reactions that cross my work area, my secretaries would h... ...How could the idea of association, country, or state surface when race, sexual orientation, and class†¦dominated each second and expression of the affirmation procedure?'; (Morrison xii). The response to the inquiry exists in itself and structures the premise of her contention to follow all through the article. She at that point starts to exhibit how race, sex, and class played into the hearings, so as to validate the contention. The peruser then must choose the option to concur with her thoughts.      Thus, we see that both Morrison and King were both praiseworthy in their capacities to convince their crowds, however each did so utilizing various strategies. Lord concentrated predominantly on setting up his own believability with the goal that his announcements would bear the suitable weight fundamental for adequacy. Morrison, anyway centered her procedure around the control of the crowd by utilizing their feelings and enabling them to affirm her contentions. Notwithstanding the individual focal point of each writer's style, the two of them contained the vital components of effective composition as characterized by Aristotle: ethos, feeling, and logos. These components structure the spine whereupon all great composing should frame, and these two entries confirm that.

HOW TO ANSWER Why Did You Leave Your Last Job

HOW TO ANSWER â€" Why Did You Leave Your Last Job One of the most common interview questions is the “Why did you leave your last job?” Your interviewer wants to know about your work history, as it will help them understand what type of worker you are going to be.By getting the answer right, you can put their mind at ease and help them see you as the perfect candidate for the job.But how? This guide will help you answer this question. You will learn about:The reasons the question is askedHow to make a distinction between leaving or having left, and talking about voluntary or involuntary reasons for leavingThe three important elements to include to your answerThe five things you have to avoid sayingThe good example answers for different situationsSo, let’s get started!WHY IS THIS QUESTION ASKED?To understand the best approach for answering this question, you should first analyse why it’s asked in the first place. It’s helpful to understand just why interviewers ask questions because when you know their intentions, you can pr ovide them with the most detailed and concise answer.When you are asked about your last job, the interviewer is looking to understand two things:If you left voluntarily or not, and why this happened?How the reason for leaving reflects on your motivations and career path?To put it in another way, your answer will be used in part as something to predict your future behaviour. If you left voluntarily, the interviewer wants to know why to ensure you wouldn’t do the same with them. They want someone loyal and hardworking, and so, your answer can show whether this is likely or not.Of course, if you didn’t leave out of your own desire or decision, they want to know if you were fired and if so, why? Again, if you had to be fired for your conduct, for example, the interviewer might consider it as a red flag.These two outlying points can also show the interviewer what your motivations and ambitions are in terms of your career. Do you just leave a job when you find a better one and therefo re, show no loyalty? Are you just jumping from one opportunity to another without having a clear career path in mind? All of this is valuable information to the interviewer because it can highlight your future behaviour and decision-making.In essence, this question about your reason for leaving your last job is essentially a question about your future actions. The interviewer wants to know the reason so the company can evaluate the risk of this happening again. They are looking for a long-term employer after all â€" hiring and training new employees is not cheap.HAVE YOU ALREADY LEFT OR ARE YOU IN THE PROCESS OF LEAVING?There are essentially two different branches to answering the question. When you are asked about the reason you left your last job, you might:Still be employed and in the process of leaving if you get this job.Be unemployed because you left your last job either voluntarily or not.It’s important to use your answer as an opportunity to make this distinction. Now, let ’s look at both options and the different ways of talking about them in more detail.You are still employed but thinking about changing jobsWhile the question is looking for the reason you left your last job and therefore, implying the interviewer wants you to talk about a job you’ve left, it’s not a bad option here to consider why you might be changing jobs.If you are currently in a job, you are obviously looking to leave it for the role you’re interviewing.It’s a good idea to talk why this might be. You will be, after all, leaving one job voluntarily to try obtain another one.If you are in the process of considering this kind of transition from one job to another, it helps to start by thinking about the reasons you’re doing it. You want to consider this possible career change in terms of:What does it mean for your career? Are you moving upwards or downwards in the ladder or changing career paths altogether? Why?Why do you want the role you’re interviewing for? What is the motivation for getting the role?These will help you in creating a good answer about why you are thinking about leaving your job voluntarily. It will help the interviewer understand your passion or rationale for applying.Now, when it comes to giving an answer for looking to leave your job voluntarily, certain reasons stand out as the ‘good ones’. There are good explanations for looking to swap jobs just as there are ‘bad ones’.The GOOD reasons for leaving:The BAD reasons for leaving:Looking for career/professional growthChanging career directionLooking for new challengesLooking for growth you can’t achieve in your current roleWanting to move closer to familyHaving to move due to family/personal reasonsYou don’t like the company/role/employeesYou are boredYou find the job too difficultThe good reasons all speak about either your ambition and drive to develop your career. They are professional reasons showcasing your desire for growth and personal development.They migh t also be those personal reasons we all have to deal with. Your spouse might get a job and you want to relocate with them â€" all perfectly reasonable reasons to change jobs.On the other hand, the bad reasons are just excuses and don’t present a very desirable image of you as an employee. You can read more about these sorts of avoidable issues later in the post.You are currently unemployedOf course, it can also be likely you have left your previous job and you are currently unemployed and looking for a new job. In this scenario, you can either have left the previous job voluntarily or against your wishes.If you left voluntarily, it’s important to focus on the so-called good reasons mentioned above. You can use the same things â€" such as leaving to join a company with more growth opportunities â€" when talking about your voluntary leaving. Likewise, you want to avoid the bad reasons.On the other hand, if you were fired, you should be open and honest about it. Now, if you were fi red because the company had to lay off people due to financial difficulties, you can mention this.This is not a bad reason and it’s not necessarily your fault at all. Your job might have even been a short-term contract and you weren’t necessarily fired or laid off, your project just got finished.However, the tricky situation comes up when you’ve been fired for your conduct or performance related issues. How are you supposed to talk about this? Here’s a little chart on how to deal with the most common reasons you might be fired for: performance or personal conduct.Performance related firing Conduct related firing You should talk about the possible but neutral reasons for performance issues such as changes in what you were hired to do. For example, you had to start performing jobs that weren’t part of your job description.  You should talk about neutral reasons for having problems in how well you and the team got along. For example, you can talk about not seeing eye-to-eye w ith the team because of different expectations and bad goal alignment.The key is to avoid negativity and bad-mouthing  In either case, it’s important to talk about the new role. It’s easy to get desperate to get a job when you don’t have one. But you don’t want the interviewer to think that you’re just wanting a job, any job, because you are unemployed. You want to ensure you also mention why you applied for this role at this point in time and how you think it fits your skills and ambitions.Furthermore, you want to address the length of your unemployment, especially if it’s long. It’s not a surprise to anyone to be without a job for a few weeks or months. But if you’ve been without a job for more than six months in a row, you do want to make a quick note about it here.For example, the so-called good reasons to be without a job for a longer period are:Time spent studying or developing skillsTaking time off to start a familyLooking after a sick relativeTaking time off to travel and figure your next career moveOf course, here it’s important to show that you’ve not just sat home but tried to improve your skill set. Things like travel, studies and volunteering are good to mention. You can read more about unemployment and job interviews here.3 THINGS TO SHOW WITH YOUR ANSWERIt’s important to be direct with your answer and to keep it short. The answer to why you left your last job is not the most crucial so you don’t want to spend multiple minutes on it. You want to give your reason and move on.Now, there are three important elements, around which, you should build your answer. The one to highlight can sometimes depend slightly on the reasons you left your previous job. The three elements are:Ambition and driveWhen you left voluntarily and, to some extent, even when you left the job involuntarily, you want to talk about your ambition and drive to succeed professionally.Employers want workers who take their careers seriously and who are working toward professional fulfilment. The truth is that sometimes this means moving from one job to another.Therefore, it’s fine to talk about how you’re leaving a role to fulfil your ambition and dreams. You can highlight with your answer that this is the right career move for you to make right now.Appreciation for past jobAgain, in both cases, you should always highlight your appreciation for the previous role. Even though you might be leaving it for a better role elsewhere, it doesn’t mean you should hate on the role. In fact, you should point out the value of the job and the lessons you learnt in that role.No matter how difficult your reason for leaving might be, the job did teach you skills for the future â€" even if you find it hard to see that right now.Appreciating the opportunities you’ve had show you care and you value your ability to work in the first place. It shows the interviewer you’re not just mindlessly hopping from one job to another or hating on employers you don’t like.Furthermore, this allows you to highlight a skill and value you might need in the role you’re interviewing for. For example, you might say your previous job taught you a lot about customer service but you now want a role that puts those skills to use in a more challenging way.Skills and work ethicIndeed, as eluded above, you should include an element of skills and work ethic to your answer. This is especially important if you were fired or laid off.You want to move your answer from stating the reason to the lessons learned. So, you’d say that you were let go but that the experience taught you many good, valuable skills you can use in the new role.It’s also a good idea to highlight your understanding of the markets in situations like this. You can show your professionalism and work ethic by stating you understand the previous employer’s difficult task of finding people to let go in a turbulent financial atmosphere, for example.You want to highlight your awarenes s and the fact that each job is a valuable learning experience and sometimes the good option is to part ways.5 THINGS YOU DEFINITELY DON’T WANT TO SAYThe above has helped you prepare for this question by focusing on the things you should mention with your answer. You have the tools to frame your answer right.But it’s also important not to mess this answer by saying the wrong things. There are a few things you do not want to say when replying to this question.These would simply make your answer give the wrong impression and create more doubt about your employability.When answering the question, you have to avoid:Badmouthing your previous employerOf course, work relationships don’t always go well and you might end up losing your job in a really bad way. Your boss might have been a monster â€" not everyone is nice in this world.However, you do not want to talk ill of your previous employer even if you have the moral high ground to do so. Whatever the situation was, this job inter view is not the time to start airing dirty laundry.Making it about moneyJob interviews are not the time and place to talk about money. Just as you want to avoid talking about your salary during the job interview (the time is only ripe for this when you have an offer!), you also shouldn’t say you left a job for money.Everyone knows no one wants to work for free but your employer also doesn’t want to employ people who are only motivated by the paycheque.Lying about the reasonUnder no circumstance should you openly lie about the reason. The employer can find out.In many instances, they will check your references and they might contact your previous employers. They will know whether you were fired or if you just left on your own.This doesn’t mean you have, or should, say everything but omitting things isn’t really lying in this instance. The main thing is that you have to be honest about the big point: did you leave voluntarily or not.Being vague about your career aspirationsYou can’t interview for a job and make it sound like you’re just trying new things. This is a job interview and you have to be passionate about the job.Sure, you might be soul searching but you shouldn’t say this. As mentioned just above, you don’t have to tell everything. You can simply say you left because the previous position didn’t allow you to let your creative side show, which is why you’re excited about this opportunity.Always make each answer sound like you want this job and this job in particular because you are the right candidate.Blaming the circumstancesJust as you shouldn’t be badmouthing the previous employer, you also don’t want to blame to circumstances. The economy might be bad and the regulations might have forced your previous employer to lay off people. But this isn’t about pity and you can’t make it just about your victimhood.Don’t be negative but focus on the opportunity ahead of you and how you think â€" once again â€" that you are the righ t candidate for this exciting opportunity.10 EXAMPLE ANSWERS WHY THEY ARE GOODYou know have the tools to start building a proper answer. You know how to best deal with your current situation and the reasons for leaving your last job that are good. You also know how to avoid saying the wrong things.To bring it all together, here are 10 example answers to draw inspiration from. Remember these are to help you with your own answer and not to be copied word-for-word.Each answer reflects a slightly different reason to ensure you can find something relatable to your current situation.“I have/had been working with the organisation for a decade and felt that it’s time for a new challenge.”This example is short and makes the good point of you looking forward to developing and advancing your career. It also shows your loyalty and work ethic, as it highlights how long you did say in the previous company â€" so you’re not just job-hopping.“I have loved working in my current company bu t my passion has always been in fashion. I saw this opportunity to use my communication skills and in the field I’m passionate about and I want to take it â€" I feel it’s time for a change.”This example is good when you are changing from one industry to another. It also highlights those transferable skills you can use and makes the point of you looking forward to developing your skills.“My company made a lot of organisational changes in the last year, brought in new management and I felt this is a good time for me to look for something refreshing as well.”Change is not bad and we all need it â€" this example doesn’t point the blame but still shows honestly that the previous organisation didn’t feel like the right fit any longer. You are honest but not going into too much detail about what might have happened.“I was hired for a certain role but over the years I feel my responsibilities have changed. I feel my skills are not necessarily in best use and I feel it’s ti me to find a position that fits my skills better, like this one.”Jobs do change and it’s no shame to mention it. This example answer is honest and shows your professional and personal understanding â€" you want a role that uses your skills for the best.“I wanted to take in new responsibilities and advance in my career and my previous job didn’t offer enough opportunities for this.”Again, you are highlighting your ambition and desire to grow your career. Just make sure you use an example like this when the position you’re interviewing for is a step-up. You can’t legitimately say you’re looking to advance your career if you go from a big managerial role to a junior role.“My spouse is getting transferred in the city and while I’m sad to leave a job I love, I’m excited for the new opportunities and challenges a new role will bring.”If you are moving due to family reasons, you should be open about it. Just make sure, like in the above example, to mention how much you like the new challenge and you’re excited about working for the new company â€" you don’t want to make it sound like this is just due to circumstances and any job would do.“I had to quit my last job for family issues. Those have now been resolved and I’m looking forward to starting to work again.”Again, if family or personal issues forced you out, just keep it short and simple. You don’t have to talk about the issue in detail. Remember to showcase your enthusiasm for the new life and career ahead!“The economic downturn had a big impact in the shoe industry and the company had to lay off a lot of people. We agreed with management that I should look for other opportunities.”Be open and honest without blaming anyone. You can also show the higher ground by saying how you all worked it out together and you, perhaps, left voluntarily.“The management and I had problems communicating and they chose to let me go. I feel that was probably for the best, as my skills weren ’t the perfect fit for the role.”You were fired and you can be open about it. This happens and the example above shows how you can talk about it without sounding bitter or negative. You don’t go into too much detail but you also don’t make it sound like you’re hiding something.“I was hired for a project and after we successfully completed it, the company didn’t have any more need of my skills at that time. This project taught me a lot of skills I want to now put to use in a more permanent position.”If you had a part-time contract, then it’s a good idea to talk about it. You should, however, highlight your desire to get a permanent position â€" especially if the role you’re interviewing for is one.CONCLUDING REMARKSAnswering the question “Why did you leave your last job” can seem rather daunting. It’s also a question many get wrong because they don’t talk honestly and directly about the reason. But the answer should be about the real reason without the nee d to get into the detail.As the above examples have shown, you can be open without giving a lecture or injecting negativity to your answer.You have to understand interviewers will have the opportunity to find out what your work history has been. They also understand people want change and new opportunities.In fact, your ability to show passion and ambition to your new role will be a good way to answer this question.So, take the above tips on board and impress your interviewer by nailing this common job interview question in style!

Does Inequality Help Or Hurt Democracy / Democratization

Does inequality help or hurt democracy/democratization, or neither? You may find that it helps to discuss not only economic but also ethnic inequalities and divisions. In constructing your argument, make sure you discuss Tilly (2007), Ansell and Samuels (2014), and Blaydes and Chaney (2013). Inglehart NEED ANOTHER ARTICLE Democracy is a very interesting governmental arrangement to come too. It first started out as only certain people, the rich males of ancient Greece had the power to vote and be citizens, while no one else was able to be a citizen and be a full part of the democracy. This notion of what a democracy is slowly evolved out of different revolutions and ideas. WE saw great leaps forward in what democracy is with the US revolution where the cry was â€Å"No taxation without representation.† To the French revolution that so much has been studied about. To the modern day, where we have seen the Arab spring rise and fall, with some countries making modest reforms and people fighting for as many reforms that they can get, to be equal among each other. Pure equality is the striving force that we all try to reach with democracy and will truly never get there. The evolution of democracy and the states is crafted by Charles Tilly, he believes that democracy is the interaction between state and citizen, and more specifically the political rights and civil liberties of the citizens of the government. Tilly was correct in the notion that to the Greek city states of the 4thShow MoreRelatedTransitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation2291 Words   |  10 PagesTransitions to democracy have been explained in various ways. Modernization for instance, is one theoretical approach to explain why countries democratize. Additionally, social and cultural factors have also explained democratization, as well as, international factors. It becomes deductive to attribute democratization to any one single theory as modernization works with social and cultural factors that are also impacted by international factors. It appears as if they all contribute in one way orRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  1 60 Pagespolicies across countries. 1 1 incentives in society. Without property rights, individuals will not have the incentive to invest in physical or human capital or adopt more eï ¬Æ'cient technologies. Economic institutions are also important because they help to allocate resources to their most eï ¬Æ'cient uses, they determine who gets proï ¬ ts, revenues and residual rights of control. When markets are missing or ignored (as they were in the Soviet Union, for example), gains from trade go unexploited and resourcesRead MoreGender-Based Disaster Relief And Ngo Efforts: A Case Study10156 Words   |  41 Pages(APF) carried out effective search and recuse ( SAR), despite several limitations. The first assistance from neighboring countries was from china and India they send their Air Force and Medical Corps with rescues team within hours of the disaster to help launch relief operations and later on 134 international SAR teams from 34 countries provide support. Temporary shelters were established immediately in Kath mandu with official support in designated public spaces. Thus, the supply of non-food itemsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesThis requires that they have a deeper than superficial understanding of management and organization issues. McAuley et al. helps student and managers understand organizational performance without having to go through extensive reading. It deepens their understanding of issues with which they are confronted in practice, by putting them into a larger context. This book really helps students and managers to become wiser. Professor Renà © Tissen, Nyenrode Business University, The Netherlands This book willRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 Pages‘At its most basic sense, socia l media is a sh ift in how people discover, read and share news, information and content . It s a fusion of sociology and technology, transforming monologue (one to many) into dia log (many to many ) and is the democratization of information, transforming people from content readers into publishers. Businesses also refer to socia l media as user-generated content (UGC) or consumer-generated media (CGM).’ 3 Tim O’Reilly: ‘Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer

The History of the Valentines Day Origins

St Valentines Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of Valentines day is Cupid, the Roman god of love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow. Several theories surround the history of Valentines Day. Was There a Real Valentine? About 300 years after the death of Jesus Christ, the Roman emperors still demanded that everyone believe in the Roman gods. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings. On February 14, Valentine was beheaded, not only because he was a Christian but also because he had performed a miracle. He supposedly cured the jailers daughter of her blindness. The night before he was executed, he wrote the jailers daughter a farewell letter, signing it From Your Valentine. Another legend tells us that this same Valentine, well-loved by all, received notes while in his jail cell from children and friends who missed him. Bishop Valentine? Another Valentine was an Italian bishop who lived at about the same time, A.D. 200. He was imprisoned because he secretly married couples, contrary to the laws of the Roman emperor. Some legends say he was burned at the stake. Feast of Lupercalia The ancient Romans celebrated the feast of Lupercalia, a spring festival, on the 15th of February. It was held in honor of a goddess. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities. With the introduction of Christianity, the holiday moved to the 14th of February. The Christians came to celebrate February 14 as the saint day that celebrated the several early Christian martyrs named Valentine. Choosing a Sweetheart on Valentines Day The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date spread through Europe in the Middle Ages, and then to the early American colonies. Throughout the ages, people also believed that birds picked their mates on February 14. In A.D. 496, Saint Pope Gelasius I declared February 14 as Valentines Day. Although its not an official holiday, most Americans observe this day. Despite the odd mixture of its origins, St. Valentines Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day that you show your friend or loved one that you care. You might send candy to someone you think is special or send roses, the flower of love.  Most people send valentine, a greeting card so named for the notes that St. Valentine received in jail. Greeting Cards Probably the first greeting cards, handmade valentines, appeared in the 16th century. As early as 1800, companies began mass-producing cards. Initially, these cards were hand-colored by factory workers. By the early 20th century, even fancy lace and ribbon-strewn cards were created by machines.

Speech Language And The Deaf World Essay - 1746 Words

Throughout time, Speech Language Pathologists and the Deaf World have had a less than amicable relationship. Audism—the belief that hearing makes an individual superior—has been prevalent throughout the entire history of the Speech Language and Hearing Sciences field. As an individual who hopes to pursue a career as an SLP in the future in order to help those with communication disorders, I experience a lot of cognitive dissonance about my ties with the Deaf Community. While I do not think Deaf people who primarily use ASL have a communication disorder, or necessarily need the help of an SLP, I know that there will be instances where I will be working with Deaf individuals in my future. It is my hope that I can use my background in Deaf Culture and ASL when working with Deaf individuals, as to not display any audism and make sure that they feel respected and equal. I have personally witnessed a lot of tension between the SLP field and the Deaf world, and would like to e xplore this relationship further. It is important to look at both the history of the relationship between the two fields, as well as the current relationship, in order to find ways for the SLP field to make the Deaf community feel included in the future. The experiences Deaf individuals have had with SLP’s were overwhelmingly negative from the start. Although the official field of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences was not recognized until 1925, practices involved in the field can be traced back to theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Language On Deaf Children1582 Words   |  7 PagesDeaf and Muted In every facet of life, language plays a critical role. Virginia Frazier-Maiwald describes the significance of language saying, Language is the glue that allows us to establish and maintain our relationships. It is the way in which we transmit our most intimate thoughts and feelings. 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They affected pedagogy: abandoning classes, closing the gates to the school, refusing to budge until their demands were met. They altered the power structure and strengthened their own community: rejecting the newly appointed president and having many of the faculty join their cause. Not long into the protests, deaf schools in Canada and West Germany closedRead MoreWho Has Influenced Deaf Literature More Than George Veditz961 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced deaf literature more than George Veditz. I like to label him as a hero, among other adjectives. Born in August 13th, 1861, Veditz became deaf at the age of 8 due to scarlet fever, according to Gallaudet.edu. After becoming deaf, he was privately tutored for 6 years until the age of 14. He then later enrolled in the Maryland School for the Deaf. He then received his masters from Gallaudet in 1887. After this, he moved to Colorado Springs where he taught at the Colorado School for the Deaf forRea d MoreDeafness And Other Communication Disorders984 Words   |  4 PagesFrom a young age children are taught to perceive the world through their five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and hearing. However, not every person has the privilege to use all of their senses. The people who have the benefit of all five senses often take for granted their ability and sometimes even marginalize people who do not have the same abilities. This research paper will focus on the issues that those who cannot hear face every day. According to the National Institute on Deafness andRead MoreThe History of Deaf Education Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore Thomas Gallaudet founded the first permanent school for the deaf in America, controversy as to the educability and best method of communicating with the deaf have existed. In fact, in the Biblical Times section of the book The Deaf Community in America Socrates, in conversation with Hermogenes is quoted saying, â€Å"Suppose that we have no v oice or tongue, and wanted to indicate objects to one another, should we not, like the deaf and dumb, make signs with the hands, head and the rest of the bodyRead MoreRacial Stereotypes Of Deaf And Deaf868 Words   |  4 Pagesto be a great misfortune, but being deaf does not limit the abilities of a person. Members of the Deaf community consider deafness to be normal rather than a disability. A deaf people can do anything a hearing person can do, such as, drive, participate in group activities, communicate, and have normal lives. Deaf In the film â€Å"Through Deaf Eyes†, an HDTV documentary including interviews, personal stories, and historic accounts, the prejudice and affirmation of Deaf culture is revealed to show hearing

Materiality Guidance Major Auditing Firms -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Materiality Guidance Major Auditing Firms? Answer: Introducation Audit planning is the procedure under which various strategies are developed for conducting the projected result that also defines the audit scope within the company. The nature, size and time for audit plan can be varied. It further depends on the size of the business. If the company has large scale business the planning of strategies and their implementation will take large time and overall scope of the audit may also go up (King and Oracle International Corp 2014). Further the audit plan includes the plan for assessing the risk and responses to those risks for analysing the material misstatement. However, the plan is not discrete phase of the audit rather it is the iterative and continuous process that started immediately after the completion of previous audit and then continues till the completion of current audit. Analytical review It is the auditing process based on the ratios among the accounts and it tries to recognize the significant changes. This can be useful in focussing the general areas under which the financial statements are not correct or where the transactions are misclassified. Once the evaluation recognizes the concern areas, the auditor shall conduct further investigation for focussing on the source of underlying concerns (Moeller 2013). The procedure of analytical review includes the comparison of the ratios or recorded amounts with the expectation developed by auditor. The expectations are developed by the auditor through identification prior period financial information, anticipated results and available information. Preliminary judgement for materiality Preliminary judgement regarding materiality is established by the auditor through choosing the base that is multiplied by the percentage factor for determining initial qualitative judgement regarding materiality (Arens et al. 2015). Further, the amount can be updated for the quantitative factors that are relevant for engagement. Materiality is the judgement on how much important the item is under the financial statement. It is the misstatement of the item that may affect the opinion of the auditor on whether the statement represent true and fair view of state of affairs (Gurov and Milgunova 2016). Rational for selection It can be identified that from the trial balance of Mattjon Corp that the sales of the company has been increased from 187,450 in 2015 to 203,125 in 2016. However, the cost of sales has been increased reduced from 63,595 to 54,471. This resulted into the increase of gross profit from 123,855 to 148,654 that is by 20% as compared to the previous year. Assertion and explanation Generally the cost of sales increases with the increase in sales level unless the maximum part the costs are fixed. Here in the given case of Mattjon Corp though the sales have been increased, the cost of sales has been reduced as compared to the previous year. Therefore, chances are there that the management has manipulated sales and cost of sales to record higher profit so that the potential investors make decisions for investing in the company (Titera 2013). Chances are also there that the transfers of goods within the company are treated as sales to third party. Recommended audit procedure The auditor shall analyse the sales cycle of the company for determining the reliability of that. If the sales cycle of the company is strong then the testing number for transaction can be reduced by the auditor. The auditor shall select random sample from the transaction and analyse the associated invoice, purchase orders and the customer statements. Further, the numbered invoices for sales shall be analysed to ensure that all the invoices are taken into consideration (Eilifsen and Messier 2013). Another thing that must be checked is that the cash sales shall be matched with the cash receipts and the credit sales shall be matched with the account receivables of the company. If any errors or fraud is found then the auditor shall increase the number of transaction for testing purpose. Rational for selection It can be identified that the instead of increase of sales and gross profit as compared to the previous year, the net profit of the company reduced. The net profit of the company for the year 2015 was 122,145 whereas the net profit for the year ended 2016 was 106,874 and the reduction was by 12.5% as compared to the previous year. Assertion and explanation Generally the net profit of any company goes up with the increase in sales level and gross profit if the expenses are maintained at the same level. Here in the given case of Mattjon Corp though the sales as well as gross profit have been increased, the net profit of the company has been reduced by 12.5% as compared to the previous year (Legoria, Melendrez and Reynolds 2013). Therefore, chances are there that the management has manipulated expenses to record lower net profit. Recommended audit procedure In the very 1st step the auditor shall re-calculate the major calculation to find out the calculations is not misstated. It shall be started with income part to confirm the total revenue equates the total of income lines. The same process shall be repeated for the categories of expenses. The difference among income and expenses shall be calculated manually. Once the calculation is complete, the vouchers for expenses shall be checked and matched with the recorded amount. Further, proper authorization on each voucher shall be checked properly (Hayes, Wallage and Gortemaker 2014). Rational for selection It can be recognized from the trial balance that the inventory has been increased from 175,000 in 2015 to 189,000 in 2016. The increase is 8% as compared to the previous year. Therefore, there shall be new purchases on account of inventories. Assertion and explanation Inventory is an item that is susceptible to the intentional or unintentional error, fraud or misstatement. Amount of inventory also varies on the basis of the method of valuation used by the company. Further, the physical inventory is exposed to the risk of theft or embezzlement. The costs of the inventories are also exposed to miscomputation if the appropriate rate is not applied while calculating the value of inventory. Recommended audit procedure Physical inventory shall be checked to assure that the inventory count matches with the recorded inventory quantity. Further, the auditor shall check that the method used for inventory sell that is LIFO or FIFO has been applied consistently throughout the year for all the items. As it can be seen that the inventories have been increased as compared to the previous year the increase must be checked with the purchase invoice and physical count of the same. Further, the cost of each item and purchase numbers for each item shall be analysed so that it matches with the total inventory. Moreover, the inventory with high value and high purchase cost shall be re-calculated to check that appropriate amount has been recorded under inventory. Rational for selection The wages has been reduced from 53,000 in 2015 to 46,816 in 2016 that comes to reduction by 12%. Chances are there that the payroll system has been misstated to record higher profit. Assertion and explanation As most part of the audit work with regard to wages are performed under the internal audit, the external auditor may place some reliance on the work of them. However, owing to the volume and nature of the payroll transaction chances are there that the internal auditor may overlook some transactions unintentionally (Albertini 2013). Therefore, the external auditor shall go through all the transactions or the transactions with higher payment to assure that no misstatement exists there. Recommended audit procedure To analyse the control system on wages the auditor shall start with considering the objectives that the control activities are designed to achieve. Te important control objectives with regard to the wages are ensuring that the employees are paid for the work done only, ensuring that wages are paid only to the valid employees (Moroney and Trotman 2016). Further, as the wages of the company has been reduced as compared to the previous year the auditor shall check the name of the employees who have retired or left during the year. This shall be checked to assure that no employees remained unpaid or paid at lower amount than they are entitled to get. Rational for selection Expenses with regard to the superannuation have been reduced to 4,447 in 2016 as compared to 4,770 for the year 2015. Therefore the superannuation has been reduced by 7% that may have direct association with the payroll expenses and number of employees in the company. Assertion and explanation Superannuation expenses are carried accounting the employer to provide retirement benefits to the employees. It has been identified from the trial balance that the wages have been reduced by 12% as compared to the previous year whereas the superannuation expenses have been reduced only by 7%. Generally, if the wages expenses have been reduced there must be reduction of the number of employees (Mao 2014). Therefore, the superannuation expenses shall also be reduced accordingly with the reduction in wages. However as the case for Mattjon Corp is not same therefore, the superannuation expenses must be analysed. Recommended procedure The auditor must ensure that the payment of superannuation is as per the regulation of superannuation. Further the auditor shall analyse the accuracy and validity of the financial records with regard to the superannuation and shall make sure that the fund is compliant with the rules of superannuation (Brown-Liburd, Issa and Lombardi 2015). The analysis shall include the registration of the company and its employees, cancellation of registration, if any, changes in any details, reporting obligations and ongoing requirements. Thereafter the superannuation register shall be matched with the employee register to match the details like retirement of any employee and new addition of any employee and make it sure that the superannuation payment matches with the employee register. It will further ensure that the payment is not mad for any fictitious employee or higher payment is not made as compared to the entitlement. Rational for selection The amount of other income has been reduced from 25,000 in 2015 to 1,000 in 2016. It results into the reduction by huge 96% as compared to the previous year. Assertion and explanation As the other income has been reduced by huge 96%, chances are there that the incomes are manipulated to lower the amount of profit. There may be instances that the incomes have not been recorded or recorded at lower amount than actually received (Arens et al. 2016). Recommended procedure The auditor shall compare the other income sources for the previous year with the current year. The sources from where the income has not been received in the current year or very low income received shall be analysed. The auditor further questions the management regarding the possible reason of income reduction. The validity of the possible reasons must be evaluated before taking any final decision. Reference Albertini, E., 2013. Does environmental management improve financial performance? A meta-analytical review.Organization Environment,26(4), pp.431-457. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E., 2016.Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Jones, J., 2015.Auditing: The Art and Science of Assurance Engagements. Pearson Canada. Brown-Liburd, H., Issa, H. and Lombardi, D., 2015. Behavioral implications of Big Data's impact on audit judgment and decision making and future research directions.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.451-468. Eilifsen, A. and Messier Jr, W.F., 2013, May. Materiality guidance of the major auditing firms. InInternational Symposium on Audit Research Conference. Gurov, V. and Milgunova, I., 2016. Improving of assessment methodology of the audited organizations performance at the stage of audit planning. -, (157), pp.115-118. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. King, N., Oracle International Corp, 2014.Audit planning. U.S. Patent 8,712,813. Legoria, J., Melendrez, K.D. and Reynolds, J.K., 2013. Qualitative audit materiality and earnings management.Review of Accounting Studies,18(2), pp.414-442. Mao, M., 2014, June. Experimental Methods of Materiality Judgment on Auditors Experience and Performance. In3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2014). Atlantis Press. Moeller, R.R., 2013. Role of Internal Audit in Enterprise Risk Management.COSO Enterprise Risk Management: Establishing Effective Governance, Risk, and Compliance Processes, Second Edition, pp.247-266. Moroney, R. and Trotman, K.T., 2016. Differences in Auditors' Materiality Assessments When Auditing Financial Statements and Sustainability Reports.Contemporary Accounting Research,33(2), pp.551-575. Titera, W.R., 2013. Updating audit standardEnabling audit data analysis.Journal of Information Systems,27(1), pp.325-33

Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited Market entry

Executive Summary Suncoast Gold Macadamias Limited is the leading macadamia product processing company in Australia. In an effort to maximise profit, the firm has incorporated the concept of product diversification. As a result, it has managed to develop a strong product portfolio.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited: Market entry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On average, the company’s annual turnover amounts to AUD $ 30 million. Over the years, the firm has nurtured a strong base with regard to tangible and intangible resources. Suncoast Gold Macadamia Limited has also developed numerous unique capabilities and core competencies that have contributed to considerable improvement in the firm’s competitive advantage. In a bid to deal with the problem of climate change, it is critical for the firm to formulate programs that would minimise its weakness with regard to decline in nut production. As its target investment destination, Saudi Arabia presents numerous opportunities for the firm to exploit as illustrated by the country’s characteristics such as the wage rate, population size, economic growth, exchange rate, the political environment, and government policy on trade. The firm will be required to develop effective competitive strategies to deal with the prevailing competition in the market to penetrate the market successfully. Some of the modes of entry that the firm can consider include sole-ownership, joint ventures, and exporting. Of the three options, exporting is the most appropriate entry point into the Saudi Arabian market. In a bid to be successful in its market entry, the firm should conduct comprehensive market research to understand the market dynamics of Saudi Arabia. Upon entering the market successfully, the firm should consider adopting foreign direct investment. Introduction Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited is a public company that operates within the Australian macadamia industry. The company was founded in 1985 and it operates as a cooperative.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Its core line of business entails production, processing, and supplying of high quality macadamias. Since its inception, the firm has been very successful due to incorporation of effective business and corporate level strategies (Suncoast Gold Macadamias 2010). In an effort to attain its profit maximisation objective, the firm has adopted market expansion as one of its business level strategies. Suncoast Gold Macadamias Limited has successfully managed to establish itself in both the local and international market. Currently, the firm ranks as the global leader in the macadamia industry. Despite its presence in the international market, there are some economies where the firm has not penetrated. One of these countries is Saudi Arabia, which is currently an emerging economy according to business scholars. The purpose of this assignment is to analyse the market entry modes that Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited can incorporate in its international market entry strategy. Ownership Over the past 28 years, Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited has undergone significant growth from being a small business establishment to becoming an international leader in the macadamia industry. Currently, the firm has a substantial annual turnover of approximately AUD $ 30 million. More than AUD $ 21 million of the firm’s total sales are generated from exports, while the domestic market only accounts for AUD $ 9 million (Suncoast Gold Macadamias 2010). Tangible resources Since its inception, the firm’s management has been committed towards establishing a strong competitive advantage. One source of the firm’s competitiveness is effective nut processing technology. The firm has implemented modern nut processing facilities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited: Market entry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited has been conducting major plant upgrade by integrating state-of-the-art technology. In 2012, the firm purchased two machines of the most modern sorting technologies in the industry, which significantly enhanced the firm’s competitiveness. For example, its output increased with 50 per cent (Pilcher 2012). In a bid to improve its competitiveness with regard to plant technology, the firm has also purchased a multi-scan machine. The machine has made separation of bad and good nuts more easily in addition to separating nuts based on their weight and colour before cracking. The firm has also established a supplier network of 135 suppliers to ensure that its products are easily accessed in its domestic mark et. Intangible resources In addition to tangible resources, Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited has accumulated various intangible resources. The management team appreciates that the firm’s success is greatly dependent on the effectiveness and efficiency of its human capital. Employee development is one of the elements that the firm has taken into account and to achieve this, the firm has formulated a staff training and education program. The program aims at imparting new knowledge to employees. In addition, the firm is committed to nurturing a strong relationship with its customers, suppliers, and employees (Suncoast Gold Macadamias 2010). In its domestic and international market, the firm has nurtured a strong positive reputation due to its operational efficiency, provision of high quality services, and development of an all-inclusive client service, which has contributed towards development in the level of customer loyalty.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capabilities The firm has developed numerous macadamia brands to appeal the diverse customer product needs. The firm has integrated the concept of value addition. The firm supplies different variety of macadamia products such as macadamia oil, chocolate coated, macadamia shortbread, and macadamia nuts. The firm has also developed sufficient capability with regard to packaging. Additionally, the firm ensures that its brands are packaged according to customer specifications. The firm has also developed the capability with regard to supplying fresh and high quality macadamia (Suncoast Gold Macadamias 2010). Core competencies The firm’s success in an industry that is characterised y intense competition has arisen from development of effective core competences. One of the firm’s core competences relates to the provision of high quality macadamias. The firm ranks as the first macadamia company to attain internationally recognised quality within the industry. The firm is also effective in quality management, which it has attained through assimilation of effective quality management systems. Suncoast Gold Macadamias core competencies also emanate from the high rate of innovation that it undertakes. Its innovative ability has played a critical role in enhancing the firm’s competitive advantage. The firm utilises macadamia waste products by generating energy and thus it has managed to minimise the cost energy necessary for its operation. Weaknesses The major source of the firm’s weakness is the high degree of susceptibility to nature. The firm has experienced a poor season due to bad weather over the past few years (The Australian Business Journal 2011). Bad weather adversely affects the firm’s profitability due to decline in the volume of production. However, with numerous environmental conservation measures being undertaken by the government and other environmental stakeholder, the firm expects that climatic conditions will improve c onsiderably. Location advantage Saudi Arabia’s economy is mainly oil-based. The country has the largest proven oil reserves globally. Its rich oil reserves have played an important role in the country’s economic growth and development. In 2011, the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was estimated to be $676.7 billion, which is an increment from its $635.6 billion in 2010 (Index Mundi 2012). By the end of 2011, it was estimated that the country would undergo a real GDP growth rate of more than 6.5 per cent. The country’s total population is estimated to be 28 million. Additionally, the country has a relatively low rate of unemployment. By the end of 2011, unemployment rate stood at 10.9 per cent (Index Mundi 2012). The country’s snapshot shows that there is a high probability of Suncoast Gold Macadamias succeeding in its profit maximisation by entering in Saudi Arabia. The high rate of economic growth coupled with the relatively low rate of unem ployment means that the country will experience an increment in per capita income. Ultimately, there will be an increment in consumer’s purchasing power. The country’s high population means that the firm can increase its customer base by identifying relevant target customer group. The attractiveness of the country is also enhanced by Saudi Arabia’s recent ascent to the World Trade Organisation. Its ascent will present an opportunity for Suncoast Gold Macadamias to increase its customer base. Customers Saudi Arabians are becoming more concerned with consumption of healthy food products. This transformation has arisen from an increment in cases of diabetes and obesity problems amongst the old and young. A report by Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Health showed that the rate of diabetes in the country is approximately 30 per cent. Some of the factors that have been attributed to cause diabetes include increased introduction of western diets to the country, adopti on of sedentary lifestyles, and growth in the number of supermarkets. Growth in the level of awareness regarding the health risk of such food products will contribute towards change in consumer purchasing behaviour. Therefore, the shift in consumer purchasing habits presents a high opportunity for Suncoast Gold Macadamias attracting more customers. Saudi Arabia is also characterised by a large number of middle and high-income customers and educated customers. This customer category is the largest consumer of diet products such as the macadamia products produced by Suncoast Gold Macadamias. These customers are more concerned with the nutritional value and quality of the food products in their purchasing patterns (Al Swailem Consulting Group n.d). Politics In 2011, the country experienced an increment in calls for speedy reforms with regard to governance mainly from intellectuals. However, the country has not experienced major incidences of political instability in the recent past com pared to other Arab countries, which experienced the effects of Arab Spring in 2011. The political stability being experienced in Saudi Arabia presents a good opportunity for Suncoast Gold Macadamia to enter the market. According to Klug (2006), a country’s attractiveness is increased by the prevailing peace and tranquillity due to political stability. Government policy (taxes and tariffs) The Saudi Arabian government is greatly concerned with enhancing the country’s economic growth. Promoting foreign investment is one of the strategies that the government has adopted. A number of measures such as the abolition of taxes and trade restrictions have been implemented in an effort to foster foreign investment. The government has designed the country’s economy based on free enterprise and thus no limitations on imports and exports of goods and services. This aspect means that Saudi Arabia has a favourable business environment for foreign firms (Al Swailem Consulting Group n.d.). Wage rate For a considerable duration, the Saudi Arabian government had not imposed any minimum wage for employees. However, in an effort to deal with unemployment, the government recently instituted SAR 3,000 as the minimum wage (Al Swailem Consulting Group n.d). Exchange rate The Saudi Arabian Riyal is relatively stable to most major currencies such as the Australian dollar. The current exchange rate of the Riyal to the Australian dollar is AUD $ 1 to 3.7 Saudi Riyal. This rate of exchange will make it possible for the firm to venture into the Saudi Arabian market more cost effectively for the firm will require a few AUD dollars to enter the market. Competitor analysis In its operations, Suncoast Gold Macadamias will face intense competition from other confectionary companies operating in Saudi Arabia. Some of these companies include: Al Nukaly International Trading Company: -This firm has been in operation in Saudi Arabia for a number of decades, since its inception in 1932. In its operation, the firm has developed a strong workforce of approximately 100 employees. Bahadi Company: – Since its inception, this firm has established itself effectively in the international market. Currently, the firm has established an effective operational base in Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, and Africa. Anwar Al-Mustafa: – The firm was established in 2000 and has over the past decade managed to penetrate the nuts industry in Saudi Arabia. It has also managed to develop a substantial financial base with its turnover estimated to be US $ 0.5 million. Competitor threats The above-mentioned competitors pose a number of threats to Suncoast Gold Macadamias. One source of threat arises from the fact that these firms have incorporated the concept of product diversification in their operations. Some of the products that these firms deal with include nuts, dried fruits, coffee, spices, chocolate, nuts, bakery, candy, and crackers. Consequently, the firms hav e managed to offer consumers a wide range of products. Ultimately, competitors have managed to develop a substantial level of customer loyalty. Therefore, Suncoast Gold Macadamias will experience a significant challenge in developing a substantial market base. Suncoast Gold Macadamias opportunities Despite the intense competition in Saudi Arabia, Suncoast Gold Macadamias has a considerable competitive edge that will contribute to its success. One source of the firm’s competitiveness relates to its ability to produce high quality macadamia products. The firm has incorporated the concept of quality assurance in an effort to ensure a high level of food security. Considering the increase in the degree of health consciousness amongst the consumers, there is a high probability of Suncoast Gold Macadamia attracting customers. This arises from the fact that its products have high nutritional values. For example, macadamia oil is not in any way associated with the rise in cases of obe sity. Additionally, the high population in Saudi Arabia also presents an opportunity for Suncoast Gold Macadamias to increase its sales revenue by employing aggressive marketing. Modes of market entry Firms seeking to venture the international market should consider making effective strategic decisions on the mode of market entry to adopt (Agarwal Ramaswami 1992). Some of the entry modes that a firm can choose include joint ventures, licensing, wholly-owned enterprises, and exporting. A substantial amount of resources is required for a firm to venture the foreign marketing by employing any of these market entry modes. Changing the selected mode of entry is costly after its commencement because it would lead to loss of money and time (Agarwal Ramaswami 1992). Consequently, it is important for firms intending to venture the international market to select the most effective market entry mode. Sole ownership This market entry mode entails the establishment of a wholly-owned business e nterprise and two main strategies exist for a firm to incorporate in order to own a firm wholly. The first method entails undertaking acquisition of a firm within the respective industry in the host country. Secondly, a firm might decide to undertake foreign direct investment, which entails establishing a business entity from scratch (Chon Yu 2008). Sole ownership comes with a number of advantages. First, the firm acquires total control of the business venture. Undertaking an acquisition will also be beneficial to the firm with regard to infrastructure. The acquired firm may have well developed distribution networks, an effective workforce, and efficient technologies. Therefore, the firm can gain higher economic rewards (Chon Yu 2008). However, the major disadvantage is that undertaking either acquisition or building own business establishment will require the firm to have a substantial investment. Additionally, the firm may incur substantial loss in the event of the host country experiencing incidents of political instability (Chon Yu 2008). Joint ventures This business venture is a form of partnership between a foreign company and a local company. Joint ventures are established with the objective of creating a business entity that is owned jointly by the two partners. However, for a joint venture to be established, the two companies must have mutual interests (Fisher, Hughes, Griffin, Pustay 2006). Joint venture is an effective market entry mode especially if the foreign company is not conversant with the degree of stability within the foreign business environment. Therefore, using joint venture as a mode of entry minimises the probability of failing by avoiding risk. However, the downside of joint venture is associated with business control. Joint ventures vary from one country to another especially with regard to structure. The foreign company may be required to hold the minority (49 per cent) of ownership while the domestic company holds the majority ownership (51 per cent). This element is a limitation to the foreign company for it might not be possible to make high profits compared to if it held the majority ownership (Chon Yu 2008). Considering the fact that Suncoast Gold Macadamias intends to maximise its profitability, adoption of joint venture is not an effective strategic decision because its profitability potential will decrease substantially. Additionally, there is also a likelihood of the firm having trouble with regard to coordination. According to Agarwal and Ramaswami (1992), lack of coordination between joint venture partners emanates from divergence in their source of motivation. Consequently, it is important for parties of a joint venture to evaluate the degree of fit between their business enterprises before commencing on joint venture negotiations. Exporting (Best recommended method of market entry for Suncoast Gold Macadamias) This mode of entry entails producing goods or services in one country and marketing them in another. According to Andexter (2008), exporting is one of the most effective ways that firms can adopt in their internationalisation strategy. A firm may adopt different modes of exporting. Firstly, a firm may decide to undertake indirect exporting. This strategy entails selling a firm’s product in the foreign market without undertaking special marketing activities, which means that the firm does not engage in international marketing (Ireland, Hoskisson, Hitt 2008). Secondly, a firm might decide to undertake cooperative exporting. This strategy entails entering into a contract with other firms in the industry with regard to certain export activities for example promotion, distribution, and market research. The firm may enter in a contractual agreement with Export Trading Companies (ETCs) or the Export Management Companies (EMCs) within the foreign market (Andexter 2008). This exporting strategy provides the firm with an opportunity to gain a relatively higher contr ol of its international sales despite the lack of sufficient capital to establish its own export sales firm (Tielmann 2009). Alternatively, the firm may decide to undertake direct exporting by establishing its export network within the host country. In a bid to ensure success, it is paramount for the firm to focus more on establishing an exporting network that will enhance its long-term survival in the host country. In an effort to venture into the Saudi Arabian macadamia industry, Suncoast Gold Macadamias should consider adopting exporting as its mode of market entry. Through exporting, Suncoast Gold Macadamias will access customers relatively easy. Exporting will also provide an opportunity for the firm to maintain total control of its operations within the foreign market. Suncoast Gold Macadamias Limited will also benefit the firm by gaining sufficient knowledge and experience regarding the foreign market. Therefore, it will be possible for the firm to implement effective expansi on strategy in the future. Despite its advantages, exporting has a number of disadvantages. Exporting to some countries may result in high cost for the exporting firm. This cost may emanate from prevailing export barriers such as quotas and tariffs. Fortunately, by venturing into Saudi Arabia through exporting, Suncoast Gold Macadamias will not incur such trade barriers because Saudi Arabia has eliminated all trade barriers (taxes) with regard to exports. Recommendations Suncoast Gold Macadamias should consider a number of issues to ensure success in venturing the Saudi Arabian market as outlined below. The firm should undertake a comprehensive market research. The market research should focus on both the consumer and the competitor. Consumer market research will play an important role in understanding the consumers’ product demands. Consequently, the firm will develop and introduce macadamia products that are in line with the prevailing market demands. On the other hand, com petitor market research will enhance the firm’s effectiveness in formulating its competitive strategies. For Suncoast Gold Macadamias to be successful in its initial market entry to Saudi Arabia through exporting, its management team should ensure that it contracts well-established Export Management Companies. This element will play an important role in its effort to gain market ground. Upon gaining successful market entry in Saudi Arabia through exporting, it is paramount for the firm to consider reviewing its mode of operation in the host country. Suncoast Gold Macadamias should consider undertaking foreign direct investment based on the market knowledge gained to increase its economic benefits. This aspect will significantly result in the firm operating more cost effectively. Reference List Agarwal, S. Ramaswami, S. 1992, ‘Choice of foreign market entry mode: Impact of ownership, location, and internalisation factors’, Journal of International Business Studie s, vol. 1, pp. 1-27. Al Swailem Consulting Group: Doing business in the Kingdom. Web. Andexter, T., 2008. Analysis and evaluation of market entry modes into the Asia-Pacific region, Grin, London. Chon, K. Yu, L. 2008. The international hospitality business: Management and operations, Routledge, New York. Fisher, G., Hughes, R., Griffin, R. Pustay, M., 2006. International business: managing in the Asia Pacific, Pearson Education Australia, New South Wales. Index Mundi: Saudi Arabia economy profile ,  2012. Web. Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. Hitt, M., 2008. Understanding business strategy: concepts and cases, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason. Klug, M., 2006. Market entry strategies in Eastern Europe in the context of the European Union: An empirical research into German firms entering the Polish market, Univ-Verl, Wiesbaden. Pilcher, R., 2012. Going for gold in a nutshell. Web. Suncoast Gold Macadamias: Australian packaging covenant action plan 2010. Web. The Australian Busines s Journal 2011, ‘Suncoast Gold Macadamias’, via George Media Network Database. Tielmann, V., 2009. Market entry strategies: International marketing management, Grin, London. This essay on Suncoast Gold Macadamias (Aust) Limited: Market entry was written and submitted by user Kason Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tomatoes in Californias Economy

Tomatoes in Californias Economy Introduction United States is a leading producer of tomatoes worldwide. In fact the United States is only second to China in terms of global production. Both processed and fresh tomatoes industries in the United States account for more than two billion dollars in earnings. Florida and California are the two leading states in tomato production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tomatoes in California’s Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The California tomato industry is the bigger of the two. The California tomato industry was at an all time high in the 1980s and the 1990s. After that, the industry started facing a myriad of problems that eventually resulted in its decline. This paper explores the Californian tomato industry and its fundamentals. The paper also focuses on both the positive and negative aspects of the industry. The Fresh Tomato Industry California’s fresh tomato industry accounts for more than a third of the United States’ total production. The commercial acreage of the fresh tomato industry in California is approximately thirty-five thousand acres. Fresh production of tomatoes was at its peak around the 1980s. At that time the commercial acreage stood at around forty thousand acres. Tomatoes are grown in California all year round except during the winter season. California’s fresh tomato industry has had a national market share of twenty five to thirty seven percent since 1980. Tomato supplies from California peak after the spring season. Commercially, California’s fresh tomato market profitability dips from August to September when other markets have locally produced tomatoes. The demand for California’s tomatoes peaks during the colder months. During this time the United States has to rely on supplementary tomatoes from Mexico. Tomatoes from the California region are mostly supplied to supermarkets around the United States. Around seventy percent of this market is in other states. In addition, most fresh tomatoes from California are purchased by domestic consumers. Tomatoes purchased for industrial purposes account for approximately thirty percent of the total production. Prices of fresh tomatoes around California are considerably low compared to those in other states. Average tomato prices factor in the cost of wages, farm inputs, advertising, and land. Over the last two decades, prices of tomatoes in California have stagnated as a result of increased imports and green house production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More California’s Tomato Processing Economics Tomato farming is subsequently associated with processed products such as tomato sauce and tomato paste. California leads in production of processed tomato products. Its global market share stands at around thirty percent. The ot her large producers of these products include Spain and China. Just like the fresh tomatoes industry, the processing industry flourished around the 1980s and 1990s. This boom was mostly occasioned by high prices, expanded acreage, and higher yielding tomato varieties. Oversupply was the main factor responsible for the decline of this industry. In 2000 economic observers had predicted that the tomato market industry would experience a decline in the subsequent years. One of the leading tomato processors by the name of Tri Valley Growers Limited filed for bankruptcy in that same year. This resulted in a crisis for the many farmers who were suppliers of this company. The tomato processing industry was predicted to decline based on various factors. One of these was the over-supply that had resulted from the ever increasing acreage. In the San Joaquin Valley for instance, tomatoes were virtually the only crop under production. The other factor was the declining domestic consumption that had resulted from increased imports. There was also a case of increased processing capacity. This meant that no produce was wasted irrespective of the level of supply. Eventually this supply overcame demand resulting in an over-supply of processed tomato products. The other reason for this grim prediction was the fact that other markets were seeking to reprise the success of the Californian industry. In turn, the tomato industry in California was facing stiff competition internationally. The Californian tomato industry was originally meant to substitute the cotton industry. By then the cotton industry was seemingly on the decline. In addition, processed tomatoes had substantially higher returns. This enterprise soon flourished with farmers in California proceeding to develop their own processing plants. In the years between 1980 and 2000, tomato growing and processing was a very viable economic venture. This was until the predicted downturn began taking effect around the year 2000. In the last ten years, statistics show that there has not been any tangible growth in this industry. Even in terms of production volumes, the figures still point towards a decline. The global market share previously held by Californian products is slowly being absorbed by Western European countries and China.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tomatoes in California’s Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is approximated that tomato growing acreage has been declining by an average of three percentage points per year. Volumes of production have also declined considerably. County wise, San Joaquin County leads in production with volumes of forty tons per acre in the last ten years. Fresno and Yolo counties are close contenders with a ten-year average of thirty eight and thirty six tons per acre respectively. The reasons for this stagnated processing industry were covered earlier. To cope with this decline bo th private and farmer-owned industries have built larger and more efficient plants. This move has reduced processing costs and ensured production of a higher quality tomato paste. Since 2000 most factories have focused on building their processing capacity. Processing plants are mostly built to support a specific acreage. It is for this reason that some experts have argued that the reason for the decreasing acreage is because no new processing plants have been built to support new acreage. It is therefore assumed that additional processing plants would stimulate an increase in acreage. Currently the processing capacity of the industry in California stands at around eleven million tons per season. The domestic tomato processing industry is on its part showing signs of improvement from the decline occasioned in the last decade. Currently, the household per capita consumption of tomato products is approximately seventy five pounds. This is a very high rate when it is compared to other developed countries. There are no readily available statistics of consumption rates of other processed tomato products. Therefore, there is no way of finding out the consumption rates of individual products like pastes, sauces, catsup, juices, among others. Tomato production in California is mostly forward contracted. There is a bargaining association that represents a majority of the farmers in California. This association is known as CTGA- California Tomato Growers Association and it negotiates independently with processors. For this reason, most farmers in California receive approximately the same prices for their tomatoes. Consequently, the price of tomatoes in California has remained constant over the last decade. This is different from other vegetables that have been characterized by fluctuating prices. This trend is mostly as a result of contracting. It also serves as an indicator of the fact that contracting stabilizes prices over a long period of time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More United States is both an exporter and an importer of processed tomato products. Statistics of this intra-industry trade show that the United State’s net exports have risen in the last few years. In the 2010- 2011 season, exports of processed tomato products were slightly less than one ton. These figures indicate that only about ten percent of tomatoes grown in the United States end up being exported. The two main export destinations of processed tomato products are Mexico and Canada. These two countries combined purchase about sixty percent of the total United States exports. Japan has also been another export destination. However, this market has recently been facing stiff competition from China. Despite the tough competition in the global front, California’s tomato industry has remained a formidable force. Observers had predicted that China would displace California in the global market. However, over the last decade California’s global market share has remain ed constant. Economically, China has performed better by managing to double its processing capacity over the same period. In addition, China’s acreage has managed to increase by around thirty percent. The main reason for this turn of events is the fact that California has been able to maintain its domestic market share. This share accounts for about ninety percent of California’s total production. Industry experts are still wary of China’s rise. Most predictors are afraid that China may flood the global market with tomato paste in the near future. Conclusion This paper has explored the basic economic aspects of tomato growing and processing in California. It can therefore be concluded that this industry is mainly dependent on domestic consumption. This means global market shocks have not affected the industry in a major way. China still remains the biggest competitor to California’s products on the global front. In addition, the secret of the industryâ₠¬â„¢s growth is an increase in export capacity.

Project Management - Project Breakdown, Risks and Staffing Assignment

Project Management - Project Breakdown, Risks and Staffing - Assignment Example This paper highlights the possible risks in the organization and how they can be analysed and managed. The organization faces a challenge of the inability to influence wider and diverse market margins. The company is striving to widen its customer diversity and population. This is hindered with the various risks the company faces such as stiff competition from similar companies and lack of sufficient stuffing. The company lacks enough employees hence the production of the company is not to its maximum. There is also poor human resource management. The organization finds it difficult and expensive to train the recruited employees. It is hard for the organisation to replace the experienced personnel who leave with new recruits who take time before conforming to the organisation’s operations and strategies. The organisation faces constant shifting of the employees and this gives it a disadvantage compared to the competitors. Another risk that the organization faces is lack of sufficient resources and funds to hire more employees. More employees will enable the organisation to hav e broader market margins as there level of production will be increased. This problems affect all departments of the organisation hence put the whole organization at risk. The organisation has not fully implemented technology in its daily routine and operations. The computer services and the internet facilities are not fully utilized by the employees of the organization. This particularly affects the HR, marketing and finance department. If this problems are not adhered to the company faces a threat of falling out of competition and closing down in the long run. Failing to diversify and widen it market margin gives the competitors an advantage. This also hinders the organisation from attracting more customers hence limiting the amount of profit the company

Business and Professional Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business and Professional Communication - Essay Example Unlike boys, girls master how to negotiate in a manner that balances their personal needs with those of their peers from childhood. The lessons that people learn during their childhood usually infiltrate into the workplace (Tannen 140). Women tend to use collective pronouns such us â€Å"we† in scenarios where men us â€Å"I†, which makes men most likely to get credit in the workplace for their work. As such, linguistic approach, including pronoun selection determines who gets acknowledged (Tannen 140). Men emerge very insightful of power dynamics when communicating, always attempting to be the ones who control the communication process. On the other hand, women are more accustomed to respond sturdily to relationship dynamic. They often focus on saving other people’s faces (141). One’s mode of speaking reflects who they are and who they aspire to be (Tannen 141). The verbal behavior of an individual determines his or her confidence level. Studies indicate that females are prone to downplaying their certainties whereas men have highest probability to diminish their doubt (Tannen 142). Gender interplays with cultural and individual characteristics in determining one’s propensity to ask questions. Men are less likely to ask questions compared to women because they always want to be one-up (Tannen 142). Societal culture makes conversation a ritual by dictating how individuals speak. The likelihood of a person to get hired depends on the level of his or her ritual o pposition (144). Besides actual authority, which comes from one’s organizational rank, actual authority relies on one’s ability to negotiate effectively. The negotiation skills and power determines the effectiveness of a manager (Tannen 145). Tannen emphasizes that â€Å"people in powerful positions are likely to reward linguistic styles similar to their own† (146). An effective manager needs to be familiar with all communication dynamics in order to

Rural Marketing Charecters Challenges And Strategies Marketing Essay

Rural Marketing Charecters Challenges And Strategies Marketing Essay Rural markets have acquired significance in India as the overall growth of the economy has resulted in substantial increase in the purchasing power of rural communities. As urban markets are getting saturated and competitive, companies focus themselves in capturing the vast rural market. Go Rural is the slogan of marketing gurus after analyzing the socio-economic changes in villages. Rural markets accounts for 54% of FMCG and 60% of durable goods. Rural consumption is getting high as the technology is advancing everywhere and also buying pattern and demand of the rural consumers have changed from basic low-priced product to luxurious ones due to their increased income. Dynamics of rural markets differs from other market types and similarly its strategies also differ from the marketing strategies aimed at the urban consumers. A firm seeking the share of this rural market has to work for it as the market includes variety of problems such as physical distance, communication risks due to illiteracy, differed tastes and attitudes of rural consumers, risks in setting suitable pricing and distribution strategy etc. considering the environment in which the rural market operates and other related problems, it is possible to evolve effective strategies for rural marketing. Thus future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets. Character of rural market: 1. The households belonging to the middle-income and above categories that constitute the bulk of the consuming class had been increasingly steadily over the years. 2. The rural income is seasonal in nature and to a great extent influenced by non-controllable factors such as draughts and floods, crop failures due to pests, and similar factors 3. The rural market in India is vast and scattered and offers various opportunities in comparison to the urban sector. It covers the maximum population and regions and thereby the maximum number of consumers. 4. The steps taken by the government of India to initiate proper irrigation, infrastructural developments, prevention of floods, grants for fertilizers, and various schemes to cut down the poverty line have improved the conditions of rural masses resulting in increased rural consumption. 5. During the last decade the rural consumers were in need for low end products which would meet their basic demands and necessities. But of lately due to change in technology and rather advancement in technology, the demand for people have also changed and the buying pattern which initially comprised of basic products have now shifted to luxurious products. 6. Media reach is a strong reason for the penetration of goods like cosmetics, mobile phones, etc., which are only used by the urban people. Increasing awareness and knowledge on different products and brands accelerate the demand. 7. Sales will be higher in rural areas during harvesting periods as the income will be higher during that period. Characteristics of rural consumers People in rural areas have poor job opportunities than urban. The rural consumer is very conscious about getting value for money. He understands symbols and colors better, and looks for endorsement by local leaders or icons. He doesnt like to pay extra for frills he cannot use. He has a very high involvement in any product purchased especially when he decides to buy high-end products, which cost a few hundreds or thousands of rupees. The rural market of India is a geographically scattered market. Rural consumers continue to be marked by low purchasing power. The rural consumers are marked by a conservative and tradition-bound lifestyle. Rural consumers buy small packs, as they are perceived as value for money. There is brand stickiness, where a consumer buys a brand out of habit and not really by choice. The rural consumers of India are a tradition bound community; religion, culture and even superstition strongly influence their consumption habits. Challenges There are several difficulties confronting the effort to fully explore rural markets. The concept of rural markets in India is still in evolving shape, and the sector poses a variety of challenges. Unlike urban markets, rural markets are difficult to predict and possess special characteristics 1. Difficulty in Payment- collection: The majority of rural population is still unbanked. Non cash collections are not possible and even cash collections are also difficult as technical advancements in banking sector has not yet reached in rural areas. 2. Understanding the Rural Consumer: Unlike urban consumers, rural consumers taste and preferences are difficult to understand as their choices were influenced by many factors. 3. Poor Infrastructure: Lack of buildings, electricity, water supply etc affects the basic business functions. 4. Physical Distribution: Poor road connectivity is often a big challenge for the rural marketers to transport their products or services to the rural consumers. Only 40% of the villages in India have proper road connections. 5. Shortage of retail outlets: Non-availability of adequate retail outlets is a major problems faced by the marketers. 6. Illiteracy: Rural folks do not understand clever, gimmicky, quick (fast-paced), suggestive and hi-tech ad films. And also it is very difficult to make the rural consumers to understand the promotion campaigns and its theme and also the usage of a product. 7. Inadequate storage facilities and warehousing leads to inadequate stocking of products. 8. Highly credit driven market and low investment capacity of retailers. A rural consumer generally poses the habit purchasing goods for credit due to their low income. But financially unsound retailers cant give credit. 9. Dispersed or scattered rural population: it is very expensive to conduct market promotion campaigns and to meet other expenditures over scattered market. 10. Large number of intermediaries leading to higher costs. Due to physical distance, a producer needs the help of so many intermediaries in selling his product to the rural consumers. High intermediation increases price. Strategies Marketers need to understand the psyche of the rural consumers and then act accordingly. Rural marketing involves more intensive personal selling efforts compared to urban marketing. Firms should refrain from designing goods for the urban markets and subsequently pushing them in the rural areas. To effectively tap the rural market, a brand must associate it with the same things the rural folks do. This can be done by utilizing the various rural folk media to reach them in their own language and in large numbers so that the brand can be associated with the myriad rituals, celebrations, festivals, melas, and other activities where they assemble. Considering the environment in which the rural market operates and other related problems, it is possible to evolve effective strategies for rural marketing. The strategies discussed here though not universally applicable depend upon product characteristics, the targeted segment of the rural market, the choice of the rural area and its economic condition. A. Product strategies Meaningful product strategies for rural market and rural consumers are discussed here. 1. Small unit and low priced packing: Larger pack sizes are out of reach for rural consumers because of their higher price and usage habits. This method has been tested by other products like shampoos, biscuits, pickles, Vicks five gram tins, etc. the objective of giving smallpackagings is to keep the price low so that the entire rural community can try. This may not be possible in all types of products except some products such as shampoo, soaps and other cosmetics etc. 2. Designing new innovative and attractive products: A close observation of rural household items indicates the importance of redesigning or modifying the products. The manufacturing and marketing men can think in terms of new product designs specially meant for rural areas keeping their lifestyles in view. The new products should be designed in such a way that it should suit the lifestyle, needs and anxiety of the rural consumer. 3. Designing strong and sturdy products: Sturdiness of a product either in terms of weight or appearance is an important fact for rural consumers. Generally a rural consumer handles every product roughly. Thus the product meant for rural areas should be sturdy enough to stand rough handling and storage. People in rural areas like bright flashy colors such as red, blue, green etc., and feel that products with such colors are sturdy but they are more concerned with the utility of the item also. 4. Creating a good brand name The rural consumers are more concerned with the brand name of the product than its utility. The brand name awareness in the rural areas is fairly high. A brand name and logo are very essential for rural consumers for it can be easily remembered and identified. Because rural consumers often used to stick towards a particular product by considering its brand name. B. Pricing strategies Pricing strategies are very much linked to product strategies. Some of these strategies are mentioned here. 1. Low cost/cheap products: This is a common strategy being adopted widely by many manufacturing and marketing men. Rural consumers wont like to have high-priced commodities due to their low income. So Price can be kept low by small unit packing resulting in higher sales. 2. Avoid sophisticated packing: Simple package can be adopted which can bring down the cost as it is presently being done in the case of biscuits. Some innovation in packing technology is very necessary for rural markets. Sophisticated packing can be avoided as it bears extra cost which may losses the number of consumers due to high price. 3. Refill packs/reusable packaging: The packaging material used should preferably lend itself for reuse in rural areas. An ideal example in this direction can be the packing of fertilizers. Now companies have started packing fertilizers in LDPE or HDPE sacks, which are not only tamper proof but also reusable. But it would be applicable only in case certain products. 4. Application of value engineering: This is a technique which can be tried to evolve cheaper products by substituting the costly raw material with the cheaper one, without sacrificing the quality or functional efficiency of the product, for example in food industry, Soya protein is being used instead of milk protein. Milk protein is expensive while Soya protein is cheaper but the nutrition value is same. This technique yields itself for application in many engineering or product designed areas so that the price can be kept at an affordable level. These areas have to be explored by manufacturing and marketing the pricing strategy for rural market will depend upon the scope for reducing the price of the product to suit the rural incomes and at the same time not compromising with the utility and sturdiness of the product. 5. provision of free frills or products along with the selling product will make an impression among the rural buyers that the price they are paying for the product is not high, as they are getting extra free products or services. c. Distribution strategies Rural India is widely populated and so it is obvious that the distribution costs are high. Here, one needs to deploy innovative approaches in order to bring down the costs. Most manufacturers and marketing men do have a distribution arrangement for village with a population of at least 5000 people. While it is essential to formulate specific strategies for distribution in rural areas, the characteristics of the product, its shelf life and other factors have to be kept in mind. The distribution strategies that are specifically designed for rural areas are through co-operative societies, public distribution system, multi-purpose distribution centers, etc.some other distribution strategies that can be adopted in rural marketing were: 1. Using Delivery vans to deliver products to nook and corner of villages. 2. Localized way of distributions such as melas, street outlets etc: To succeed in Indian rural market the producers or marketers have to reach the nook and the corner of the country. They have to reach the local Paan wala, Local Baniya only then they can succeed. MNC shoe giants, Adidas, Reebok, and Nike started with exclusive stores but soon they realized that they do not enjoy much Brand Equity in India, and to capture the market share in India they later preferred Local market shoe sellers. 3. Conduction of special sales programmes through temporary street stalls or showrooms in rural areas: This is one of the strategies widely adopted by automobile marketers. This strategy is suitable for high end products. 4. Direct distributions by opening outlets in villages avoiding intermediaries that will also reduce price 5. By offering certain discounts, the local rural distributors can be made to brainwash the consumers about the new product as rural consumers believes the word of the familiar person in purchasing a product. Thus risk involved in sales and distribution of the new product can be somewhat reduced. D. Promotion strategies Mass media is a powerful medium of communication. It could be television, cinema, print media, and radio and so on. The other means of mass media available are hoardings/wall paintings, shanties/hats/melas, non-price competition, special campaigns etc. Besides these, other mass media like hand bills and booklets, posters, stickers, banners of the schemes etc. Following are some of the promotion strategies that can be applied in order to promote a new product in the rural market: 1: advertising with local ambassadors is a right choice and also advertisements can be made colorfully as rural people like that. 2: providing the new product as a free product along with some other products that were already going in the market. So that, the consumers will be aware of the new product. 3: making a tie up with the ongoing market retailers in order to enhance proper distribution and to expand the business in the initial promotion stage. After gaining some goodwill and market, the producer can either continue with the ongoing retail distribution or it can open its own retail shops. 4: In the promotional stage, the goods and services can be given at low prices that would attract the rural consumers as they often prefer low-priced commodities with higher utility. In addition to all these strategies, there are some other strategies that a marketer should follow or implement in order to promote and succeed in rural market. They are as follows; BY TARGET CHANGING PERCEPTION If one go to villages they will see that villagers using Toothpaste, even when They can use Neem or Babool sticks or Gudakhu, villagers are using soaps like Nirma rose, Breeze, Cinthol etc. even when they can use locally manufactured very low priced soaps. Villagers are constantly looking forward for new branded products. What can one infer from these incidents, is the paradigm changing and customer no longer price sensitive. Indian customer was never price sensitive, but they want value for money. They are ready to pay premium for the product if the product is offering some extra utility for the premium. Thus a marketer has to design his marketing trend according to the changing perception of the rural consumers. BY PROVIDING WHAT CUSTOMER WANT The customers want value for money. They do not see any value in frills associated with the products. They aim for the basic functionality. However, if the sellers provide frills free of cost they are happy with that. They are happy with such a high technology that can fulfill their need. Motorola has launched, seven models of Cellular Phones of high technology but none of the rural consumers preferred it as they dont even know or wants or cannot use such advanced technologies in that models. On the other hand, Nokia has launched a simple product 1100, which has captured the wide rural market. BY DEVELOPING RURAL-SPECIFIC PRODUCTS Many companies are developing rural-specic products. Keeping into consideration the requirements and necessities of the rural consumers, products can be ultimately designed which aptly suits the rural necessities.for example; some bike manufacturers are designing their product very toughly which will suit the poor road facilities of rural India. (Hero Honda splendor) PAINTINGS A picture is worth thousand words. The message is simple and clean. Rural people like the sight of bright colours. COKE, PEPSI and TATA traders advertise their products through paintings.thus advertising through paintings can be made. Conclusion: Indian rural marketing has always been complex to forecast and consist of special uniqueness. However many companies were successful in entering the rural markets. They proved that with proper understanding of the market and innovative marketing ideas, it is possible to bag the rural markets. It is very difficult for the companies to overlook the opportunities they could from rural markets. As two-thirds of the Indian population live in rural areas, the market is vast than expected. For the companies to be successful in rural markets, they have to overcome certain challenges such as pricing and distribution. Thus by following the above stated innovative strategies, companies can capture markets and withhold in rural areas. AUTHOR: Pradeep kumar.B, SIIMS, Pollachi. EMAIL ID:[emailprotected] PHONE NUMBER: 9787077523